Volcanoes

Vocabulary 14

Hot spot: a very hot part of the mantle, where magma can melt throught a plate moving above it.

Vent: a central opening in the volcanic area throught wich magma may scape.

Lava: magma that reaches Earth surface and flows out of a vent.

Crater: a cuplike hollow that forms at the top of a volcano around the vent.

Geothermal energy: heat from below Earth surface.

Cinder cone volcano: a steep sided cone that forms from explosive eruptions of hot rocks, ranging from particles to boulders.

Shield volcano: a wide, gently sloped cone that forms from flows of lava.

Composite volcano:  a cone formed from explosed eruption of hot rocks followed by a flow of lava, over and over.

Earthquakes

Vocabulary 13

Fault: a huge crack in the crust, at or below the surface, the sides of which may show evidence of motion.

Focus: the point where an earthquake starts, where rocks begin to slide past each other.

Seismic waves: a vibriation that spreads out away from a focus when am earthquake happens.
Epicenter: the point on Earth surface directly above the focus.

Aftershock: the shaking of the crust after the initial shaking of an earthquake.

Seismograph: a sensitive divice that detect the shaking of the crust.
Magnitude: the amount of energy released by an earthquake.

Moving Plates

Vocabulary 12

Crust: Earth solid, rocky surface contaning the conteining the continents and ocean floor.

original horizontaly: the idea that some rocks or mountainsd where form by horizontal lines.

continental drift: the idea that in the past all the continents where together and that are still moving apart 1cm por year.

sea floor spriding: the idea that a new crust is forming under water sea floor.

magma: hot, molten rock below Earth surface.

plate tectonics: that earth is form by plates that moves.

mantle: Earth leyer beneath the crust.

subduction: where plates colide, the slidingof a denser oceanplate under another plate.

Galaies And Beyond

Vocabulary 11

 

Galaxy: a large group of stars held together by the gravity.

Milky way: our home galaxy.

Spectrum: a band of colors made when light white light is broken up.

Expantion redshift: the shift of a spectrum of a galaxy toward longer (redder)wave lents to do the expansion of space.

Big bang: the bigining of the univers, when the densyty of the universe was very haight.

Background radietion: electromagnation radiotion left over the bing bang,

Quasar: an extrimly bright, extrimly distant,hight energy source.

Stars

Vocabulary10

Star: a large, hot ball of gases, which is held together by gravity and gives off its own light.

Black hole: an object whoos gravity is so strong that light can not escape it.

Parallax: the apparent shift in an object´s location when viewed from two positions.

Light year:  the distance light trvels in a year.                              

Constelletion: a number of stars that appear to form a pattern.

Magnitude: the brightness of a star.

Nebula: a cloud of gases and dust in space.

Super nova: a star that explodes.

The Outer Solar System

Vocabulary 9

Comet: a ball of rock and ice that orbit the sun.

Meteoroid: a small asteroid ( rocky object that orbit the sun ) , wich may be far out in the solar system or close to the inner planets.

meteor: a Meteoroid that enters Earth atmospher and borns with a strike of light.

meteorite: any part of the Meteoroid that reaches earth surface.

The Inner Solar System

Vocabulary 8

Planet: a large body orbiting a star , such as the Sun.

Asteroid: a rocky, metalic object that orbit the sun.

Solar system: a star such as the sun, and all objects orbiting it.

Kepler laws: laws that summarize the movment of the planets.

The Moon in Motion

Vocabulary 7

Phase of the Moon: the shape of the lighted part of the Moon seen from Earthat any time.

Lunar Eclipse: a blocking of a view of the full moon when the moon passes into Earth shadow.

Solar Eclipse: a bloking out of a view of the sun when the earth passe throught the moon shadow.

Tide: the regular rise and fall of the water level along a shorline.

Earth and the Sun

Vocabulary 6

Rotation: a complete spin on an axis.

International Date Line: the 180 line of longitude.

Standard time zone: a belt 15 wide in longitude in which all places have the same time.

Revolution: one complete trip around the sun.

Tools of Astronomers

Vocabulary 5

Universe: everything that exist.

Telescope: a divice that collects light and m ake distance objects appear closer and larger.

Refraction: the bending of wavesas they go from one substances to another.

Reflection: the bouncing of waves off a surface

Wavelength: the distance from one peak to the next on a wave.

Frequency: the number of waves that pass through a point in a second.

Electromagnetic spectrum: waves of light in order by wavelength.

How Inclined Planes Work

Vocabulary 4

 

Inclined Plane: a straight,slanted surface that is not moved when it is used. 

Screw: an inclined plane wapped around a central bar.

 

Wedge: one or a combination of two inclined planes that is moved when used.

Compound machine: a combination of two or more simple machines.

 

Efficiency: a ratio of the work done by a machine compered with the work put into the machine.

Forces and Newton Laws

Vocabulary 1

Force : a push or pull exerted by one object on another.

Friction : a force that opposes the motion of an object in contact with a surface.
Drag force : a force that opposes the motion of an object through a liquid or gas.
Net force : the combined effect of all the forces acting on an object.
Balanced force : forces that cancel each other out when acting together on a single object.
Unbalanced forces : forces that do not cancel each other out when acting together on a single object.
Inertia : the tendency of an object to oppose a change in motion.
Momentum : the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity.

Simple Machines

Vocabulary 3

Simple machine: A divice with few parts that makes it easer to do work.

Effort force: The force applied to a machine.
Resistance force:The force that a machine acts against.

Lever: A simple machine made of a rigid bar on a pivot point.
Fulcrum: The pivot point of a lever.

Mechanical advantige:The number of times a machine multiplies the force applied.

Pulley: A grooved  wheel that turns by the action of a rope in the groove.

Wheel and axle:A simple machine made of a handle or axis attached to the center of a wheel