Using What We Have Learned

Build Up and Breaking Down

Summary 1

Have you ever seen mountains in the distance?
But you know how is a mountain made?
As the crust (the first layer of the earth) move  the rocks of the crust change.
They can change position they can move up, down ,or sideways .Rocks can also change their shape.
Bu how that happen? by: weathering and erosion.
Weathering: is the breaking down of rocks into small pieces.
Erosion: is the picking up and removal of rocks fragment and others particles.
Weathering example: plant ,wind, animal, acid .
Erosion example: minerals, rocks.

Lift, Carry, and, Drop

Summary 2

Many processes are at work changing the shape of Earth’s surface.                                                         These forces act like a sculptor’s tools. Even while forces are building mountains in the crust  process are at work chiseling into them and wearing them down.

We are going to see how does lift carry ,and drop work

Gravity is always pulling things from high places. This down hill movement of Earth material caused by gravity is called mass wasting ,it depend largely on how deep a slope is. It can happen slowly, particle by particle ,over years.

The sediment is dropped off at the bottom of the hill or at places where the hill becomes less steep called deposition.

The Rock Cycle

Summary 3

Have you ever wondering where a rock came from?                                                          What kind of processes form a rock?

·         First the rock forming from molten material that called igneous rock, they form when hot liquid rock material cools and hardens into solid.

·         Second the rock form from pieces of other rocks that are squeezed called sedimentary rock.

·         Third the rock form from another kind of rock is changed by heat pressure or by chemical reaction called metamorphic rock.

·         And then the rock continually change this is a never ending process called rock Cycle

Geologic Time

Summary  4

Did you know how to find the rock age  is easy .                                                                           Finding  the age of rocks is based on two ideas.

·         Original horizontally this idea explains  that sedimentary rocks forms in the horizontal layers.

·         Superposition in a series of rocks layer the bottom layer is the oldest ,the tpo layer is the youngest                                                                                                                                   Using this two ideas , scientist try to determine the relative age.

Learning About Heredity

Summary  5

What are some characteristic that plants or animals might pass along to their offspring?

 We know that the young usually resemble   their  parents but no exactly.                                      How  characteristic passed from parent to child ?A characteristic  that is passed  from parent to offspring is called an inherited trait. Heredity is the passing of these traits from one generation to the next . The word generation refer to  parents and offspring  parents are one generation, the offspring are another.   Heredity applies to all organism including plants animals, and even bacteria. Fur color is an inherited trait passed from cats to their kittens. Humans have inherited traits too .          

Predicting traits

Summary 6

What refer when someone says predict traits this mean that the parents have a offspring they want to know what trait it will have to the father , to the mother or maybe inhered from their other generations  , but this is only refer to an specific trait first we have to know who is the dominant who their traits will show physically in the offspring , and recessive that it trait is in their sex cell when it reproduce the grandchild will inhered. And then you make a square in the top is male put is if dominant(R R), reccesive (r r) or hybrid(Rr).Hybrid is when is dominant and recessive           

How Heredity Works

Summary 7

In the cells when have the nucleus inside the  nucleus we have chromosomes . That is the human sex cells and whe have 23 chromosomes and they contain an specific trait each inside this we have DNA, Contains  the code that tell to each cell how to operate. The DNA organism is not the same from the others organism                                         

                                                                                                                                                                                                              

Volcanoes

Vocabulary 14

Hot spot: a very hot part of the mantle, where magma can melt throught a plate moving above it.

Vent: a central opening in the volcanic area throught wich magma may scape.

Lava: magma that reaches Earth surface and flows out of a vent.

Crater: a cuplike hollow that forms at the top of a volcano around the vent.

Geothermal energy: heat from below Earth surface.

Cinder cone volcano: a steep sided cone that forms from explosive eruptions of hot rocks, ranging from particles to boulders.

Shield volcano: a wide, gently sloped cone that forms from flows of lava.

Composite volcano:  a cone formed from explosed eruption of hot rocks followed by a flow of lava, over and over.

Earthquakes

Vocabulary 13

Fault: a huge crack in the crust, at or below the surface, the sides of which may show evidence of motion.

Focus: the point where an earthquake starts, where rocks begin to slide past each other.

Seismic waves: a vibriation that spreads out away from a focus when am earthquake happens.
Epicenter: the point on Earth surface directly above the focus.

Aftershock: the shaking of the crust after the initial shaking of an earthquake.

Seismograph: a sensitive divice that detect the shaking of the crust.
Magnitude: the amount of energy released by an earthquake.

Moving Plates

Vocabulary 12

Crust: Earth solid, rocky surface contaning the conteining the continents and ocean floor.

original horizontaly: the idea that some rocks or mountainsd where form by horizontal lines.

continental drift: the idea that in the past all the continents where together and that are still moving apart 1cm por year.

sea floor spriding: the idea that a new crust is forming under water sea floor.

magma: hot, molten rock below Earth surface.

plate tectonics: that earth is form by plates that moves.

mantle: Earth leyer beneath the crust.

subduction: where plates colide, the slidingof a denser oceanplate under another plate.

Galaies And Beyond

Vocabulary 11

 

Galaxy: a large group of stars held together by the gravity.

Milky way: our home galaxy.

Spectrum: a band of colors made when light white light is broken up.

Expantion redshift: the shift of a spectrum of a galaxy toward longer (redder)wave lents to do the expansion of space.

Big bang: the bigining of the univers, when the densyty of the universe was very haight.

Background radietion: electromagnation radiotion left over the bing bang,

Quasar: an extrimly bright, extrimly distant,hight energy source.

Stars

Vocabulary10

Star: a large, hot ball of gases, which is held together by gravity and gives off its own light.

Black hole: an object whoos gravity is so strong that light can not escape it.

Parallax: the apparent shift in an object´s location when viewed from two positions.

Light year:  the distance light trvels in a year.                              

Constelletion: a number of stars that appear to form a pattern.

Magnitude: the brightness of a star.

Nebula: a cloud of gases and dust in space.

Super nova: a star that explodes.

The Outer Solar System

Vocabulary 9

Comet: a ball of rock and ice that orbit the sun.

Meteoroid: a small asteroid ( rocky object that orbit the sun ) , wich may be far out in the solar system or close to the inner planets.

meteor: a Meteoroid that enters Earth atmospher and borns with a strike of light.

meteorite: any part of the Meteoroid that reaches earth surface.

The Inner Solar System

Vocabulary 8

Planet: a large body orbiting a star , such as the Sun.

Asteroid: a rocky, metalic object that orbit the sun.

Solar system: a star such as the sun, and all objects orbiting it.

Kepler laws: laws that summarize the movment of the planets.

The Moon in Motion

Vocabulary 7

Phase of the Moon: the shape of the lighted part of the Moon seen from Earthat any time.

Lunar Eclipse: a blocking of a view of the full moon when the moon passes into Earth shadow.

Solar Eclipse: a bloking out of a view of the sun when the earth passe throught the moon shadow.

Tide: the regular rise and fall of the water level along a shorline.

Earth and the Sun

Vocabulary 6

Rotation: a complete spin on an axis.

International Date Line: the 180 line of longitude.

Standard time zone: a belt 15 wide in longitude in which all places have the same time.

Revolution: one complete trip around the sun.

Tools of Astronomers

Vocabulary 5

Universe: everything that exist.

Telescope: a divice that collects light and m ake distance objects appear closer and larger.

Refraction: the bending of wavesas they go from one substances to another.

Reflection: the bouncing of waves off a surface

Wavelength: the distance from one peak to the next on a wave.

Frequency: the number of waves that pass through a point in a second.

Electromagnetic spectrum: waves of light in order by wavelength.

How Inclined Planes Work

Vocabulary 4

 

Inclined Plane: a straight,slanted surface that is not moved when it is used. 

Screw: an inclined plane wapped around a central bar.

 

Wedge: one or a combination of two inclined planes that is moved when used.

Compound machine: a combination of two or more simple machines.

 

Efficiency: a ratio of the work done by a machine compered with the work put into the machine.

Forces and Newton Laws

Vocabulary 1

Force : a push or pull exerted by one object on another.

Friction : a force that opposes the motion of an object in contact with a surface.
Drag force : a force that opposes the motion of an object through a liquid or gas.
Net force : the combined effect of all the forces acting on an object.
Balanced force : forces that cancel each other out when acting together on a single object.
Unbalanced forces : forces that do not cancel each other out when acting together on a single object.
Inertia : the tendency of an object to oppose a change in motion.
Momentum : the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity.

Simple Machines

Vocabulary 3

Simple machine: A divice with few parts that makes it easer to do work.

Effort force: The force applied to a machine.
Resistance force:The force that a machine acts against.

Lever: A simple machine made of a rigid bar on a pivot point.
Fulcrum: The pivot point of a lever.

Mechanical advantige:The number of times a machine multiplies the force applied.

Pulley: A grooved  wheel that turns by the action of a rope in the groove.

Wheel and axle:A simple machine made of a handle or axis attached to the center of a wheel

Energy and Work

Vocabulary 2

Potentional energy : the energy stored in an object or material.


Gravitational potentional energy: the potentional energy of an object located above the ground.

Kinetic energy: the energy of amoving object.

Work : force applied to an object times the distance the object moves.